ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a brain disorder characterised by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning and development. However, symptoms of ADHD vary between children and adults, and every individual with ADHD experiences it differently. As an executive functioning disorder, many executive functioning skills directly correlate to performance at school and work.

University students with ADHD often report difficulties with specific academic skills, such as time management, concentration, motivation, and study strategies. They are also more likely to experience test anxiety. Students with ADHD may struggle with organizing and planning their time effectively. They may find it challenging to maintain focus in class, take adequate notes, or memorize important information. These difficulties can impact their academic success and overall experience at university.

As individuals with ADHD transition into adulthood, the symptoms tend to change. Hyperactivity and impulsive symptoms generally decline, while attentional symptoms remain stable. In adulthood, hyperactivity may be expressed as excessive fidgeting, the inability to sit still when expected, or constantly being on the go. Adults with ADHD often self-medicate with caffeine or energy drinks and may engage in risky behaviours. Unfortunately, adults with ADHD also tend to be poor drivers. Impulsivity in adulthood may manifest as impatience, acting without thinking, impulsive spending, or making hasty decisions in relationships or employment. Sensation-seeking behaviours are also common. Adults with ADHD often struggle with forgetfulness, misplacing personal items, avoiding menial tasks at work, missing bill payments, and encountering difficulties with organising and managing their daily schedules.

The causes of ADHD is a complex question. There is a genetic dimension to ADHD, as it tends to run in families. If you have ADHD, it's likely that ADHD or possibly autism is present in your family tree. Environmental factors also play a role. Smoking or substance use during pregnancy, exposure to environmental toxins at a young age, low birth weight, and brain injury have all shown correlations with later ADHD diagnosis. While environmental and social factors can influence the severity of ADHD, they do not directly cause it. However, smoking or taking drugs during pregnancy has been linked to ADHD and should be avoided. ADHD often co-occurs with other illnesses, including autism, anxiety, depression, and various learning disorders. In children, more severe behavioural issues can be present, such as defiance, stubbornness, aggression, or destructiveness.

The most common method of treatment for ADHD is medication. One well-known medication for ADHD is Ritalin, which is a stimulant that helps improve focus and clarity of mind in individuals with ADHD. It is important to mention that a new longitudinal study has shown that Ritalin is not dangerous to take. Counselling is also a common treatment option for ADHD individuals, as it helps in developing emotion regulation skills and managing anxiety. Behavioural interventions, specifically tailored to the individual's life, are crucial for supporting ADHD individuals in developing daily structures and achieving long-term goals. The best treatment outcomes are seen in those who consistently take their medication and receive counselling.

ADHD coaching programs typically run for eight sessions, ideally held across consecutive weeks to reinforce the learning. The goal of ADHD coaching is to help individuals identify their long-term goals, overcome barriers, and implement supportive strategies for achieving those goals. As a mental health professional with extensive clinical and practical experience, I provide a combination of counselling and coaching, working together to find the most effective behavioural and psychological strategies for each individual. I assist in designing a personalized framework to meet challenges and tap into your motivation for progress. In my work, I strike a balance between challenging limitations and barriers and encouraging goal setting and achievement. The value of coaching lies in learning how to apply behavioural principles independently for long-term success. It's always rewarding to witness individuals no longer needing coaching, as it demonstrates their mastery of the necessary principles.

Common long-term goals that people often work on in ADHD coaching include:

1. Time management: to help get things done efficiently and effectively.

2. Organization: to assist in monitoring programs or jobs.

3. Problem-solving skills: to find solutions to recurring problems.

4. Diet improvement: to focus on healthier eating habits.

5. Better sleep: to work on improving sleep patterns.

6. Motivation: to tackle daily tasks that may be dull or repetitive.

7. Sustained attention: for projects requiring long-term focus.

8. Emotion regulation: to develop skills in managing stress and anxiety.